Spondylolisthesis

This term means ‘slippage of the spine,’ referring to the sliding of one vertebra relative to the one below it. The slippage is usually forward, but possibly backward, or to the side. It can be congenital or traumatic, result from an otherwise unimportant fracture of the small isthmus of bone that normally holds the vertebrae in line (the pars interarticularis). The diagnosis is made by X-ray or MRI, but the significance of the condition, and the success of [hypertext: treatment] must be assessed clinically, and with sophisticated electrophysiological techniques  See Fishman LM, Wilkins AN. Functional Electromyography. Springer, New York, 2011, and the section of this website under, “What we do.”